Moderate certaintyPoints to benefit
Pimobendan in preclinical stage B2 disease
EPIC, 2016 · FDA NADA 141-273, 2025
Appraised in full
Very low certaintyInconclusive
Rapamycin (sirolimus) in subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
RAPACAT, 2023 · FDA FOI summary 141-604, 2025
Low certaintyPoints against
Do glucocorticoids precipitate congestive heart failure?
Smith, 2004 · Ployngam, 2006 · Khelik, 2019 · Dutch, 2023
Everything else on the map
Low certaintyInconclusive
Does preclinical pimobendan shorten survival once heart failure develops?
McAulay, 2026 · Park, 2025
Moderate certaintyPoints to benefit
Pimobendan in congestive heart failure
QUEST, 2008
Appraisal in preparation
Moderate certaintyNo benefit shown
ACE inhibitors before heart failure
SVEP, 2002 · VETPROOF, 2007
Appraisal in preparation
Low certaintyPoints to benefit
Spironolactone added to standard heart-failure therapy
Bernay et al., 2010
Appraisal in preparation
Moderate certaintyNo benefit shown
Spironolactone with benazepril to delay the onset of heart failure
DELAY, 2020
No evidenceUntested
Furosemide dose and dosing frequency in stage C disease
Low certaintyPoints to benefit
Pimobendan in preclinical dilated cardiomyopathy (Dobermanns)
PROTECT, 2012
Appraisal in preparation
Very low certaintyInconclusive
Diet change and taurine in diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy
Kaplan, 2018 · Freid, 2021 · Freeman, 2022
Appraisal in preparation
No evidenceUntested
Screening intervals in at-risk breeds
Moderate certaintyPoints to benefit
Clopidogrel to prevent recurrent arterial thromboembolism
FAT CAT, 2015
Appraisal in preparation
Low certaintyNo benefit shown
Atenolol in preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Schober et al., 2013
Very low certaintyInconclusive
Pimobendan in feline congestive heart failure
No evidenceUntested
Any therapy that delays the onset of heart failure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Low certaintyNo benefit shown
Torasemide as an alternative to furosemide (dogs)
TEST, 2017
Appraisal in preparation
Very low certaintyInconclusive
Sacubitril–valsartan (ARNi) in congestive heart failure
Carlson & Stern, 2026
No evidenceUntested
Dietary sodium restriction
No evidenceUntested
Exercise restriction after diagnosis
Low certaintyPoints to benefit
Rate control in atrial fibrillation: diltiazem with digoxin versus monotherapy
Gelzer et al., 2009
Low certaintyPoints to benefit
Sotalol versus mexiletine–atenolol in Boxer arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Meurs et al., 2002
No evidenceUntested
When to treat ventricular arrhythmias in asymptomatic dogs
Low certaintyInconclusive
Holter thresholds that predict sudden death
Wess et al., 2017 · Gunasekaran et al., 2020